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2176624-5

PWR RESISTOR 650W 5% 22R

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price: $175.3380

2176628-3

PWR RESISTOR 1700W 5% 10R

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $387.0180

6-2176631-2

SQB50 360R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $4.8690

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SQB60 300R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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SQB60 3K0 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $5.7150

2176632-6

SQB60 1R6 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price: $3.4020

4-2176631-6

SQB50 75R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price: $4.8690

R50R0-800-1X

800W (50 OHM) BEO FLANGED RESIST

Brand:

Vishay / Barry

inventory:

Price: $104.9220

PWWR0013F1K10K9

1.1 KOHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

200

Price: $2.7900

PWWR0013F3R00K9

3 OHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

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200

Price: $2.9340

PWWR0016F1K50K9

1.5 KOHMS 1% 16W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

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180

Price: $6.7590

TPAN0220D3R60K9

RES 3.6 OHM 50W 0.5% T0220

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price: $2.5650

HVLR1029B10K0K9

RES 10K OHM 0.1% 10W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

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Price: $73.1070

HVLR5208F2K70K9

RES 2.7K OHM 1% 5W AXIAL

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RESI

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Price: $10.6470

HVLR1529B3K90K9

RES 3.9K OHM 0.1% 15W AXIAL

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RESI

inventory:

Price: $229.6710

HVLR1505F51M0K9

RES 51M OHM 1% 0.7W AXIAL

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RESI

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Price: $6.3900

TPAN0220F1K30K9

RES 1.3K OHM 50W 1% T0220

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RESI

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Price: $1.8360

HVLR1279F300KK9

RES 300K OHM 1% 12W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

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HVLR2408B2M40K9

RES 2.4M OHM 0.1% 2W AXIAL

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RESI

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Price: $23.0130

HVLR7609F68K0K9

RES 68K OHM 1% 7.5W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price: $13.9590

2176624-5

PWR RESISTOR 650W 5% 22R

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$175.3380

2176628-3

PWR RESISTOR 1700W 5% 10R

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$387.0180

6-2176631-2

SQB50 360R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price :$4.8690

6-2176632-0

SQB60 300R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

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Price :$3.4020

8-2176632-4

SQB60 3K0 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

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TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$5.7150

2176632-6

SQB60 1R6 (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$3.4020

4-2176631-6

SQB50 75R (WIRE) 5% FASTON

Brand:

TE Connectivity Passive Product

inventory:

Price :$4.8690

R50R0-800-1X

800W (50 OHM) BEO FLANGED RESIST

Brand:

Vishay / Barry

inventory:

Price :$104.9220

PWWR0013F1K10K9

1.1 KOHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

200

Price :$2.7900

PWWR0013F3R00K9

3 OHMS 1% 13W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

200

Price :$2.9340

PWWR0016F1K50K9

1.5 KOHMS 1% 16W 100PPM/

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

180

Price :$6.7590

TPAN0220D3R60K9

RES 3.6 OHM 50W 0.5% T0220

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$2.5650

HVLR1029B10K0K9

RES 10K OHM 0.1% 10W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$73.1070

HVLR5208F2K70K9

RES 2.7K OHM 1% 5W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

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Price :$10.6470

HVLR1529B3K90K9

RES 3.9K OHM 0.1% 15W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$229.6710

HVLR1505F51M0K9

RES 51M OHM 1% 0.7W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$6.3900

TPAN0220F1K30K9

RES 1.3K OHM 50W 1% T0220

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$1.8360

HVLR1279F300KK9

RES 300K OHM 1% 12W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$20.2770

HVLR2408B2M40K9

RES 2.4M OHM 0.1% 2W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

inventory:

Price :$23.0130

HVLR7609F68K0K9

RES 68K OHM 1% 7.5W AXIAL

Brand:

RESI

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Price :$13.9590

How to wire mainstream resistors product series parameters

How to Wire Mainstream Resistors Product Series Parameters I. Introduction Resistors are fundamental components in electronic circuits, serving the crucial role of controlling the flow of electric current. By providing resistance, they help to manage voltage levels, protect sensitive components, and ensure that circuits function as intended. In this blog post, we will explore mainstream resistors, their parameters, and how to wire them effectively in various applications. Our goal is to equip you with the knowledge needed to understand resistor specifications and their practical implications in circuit design. II. Understanding Resistor Parameters A. Resistance Value The resistance value of a resistor is its primary characteristic, measured in Ohms (Ω). This value indicates how much the resistor opposes the flow of electric current. The significance of resistance lies in its ability to control current levels in a circuit, which is essential for protecting components from excessive current that could lead to damage. B. Tolerance Tolerance refers to the degree of variation in a resistor's resistance value from its stated specification. It is expressed as a percentage and indicates how much the actual resistance can differ from the nominal value. Common tolerance values include ±1% and ±5%. Understanding tolerance is vital because it affects the precision of the circuit's performance. For example, in sensitive applications like audio equipment, a lower tolerance is preferred to ensure consistent sound quality. C. Power Rating The power rating of a resistor indicates the maximum amount of power it can dissipate without overheating. This is typically measured in watts (W), with common ratings including 1/4W, 1/2W, and 1W. Exceeding a resistor's power rating can lead to failure, which may damage the circuit. Therefore, it is crucial to select resistors with appropriate power ratings based on the expected current and voltage in the circuit. D. Temperature Coefficient The temperature coefficient of a resistor measures how its resistance changes with temperature. It is usually expressed in parts per million per degree Celsius (ppm/°C). A low temperature coefficient indicates that the resistor's value remains stable across a range of temperatures, which is important in precision applications. Typical values range from ±50 ppm/°C for high-quality resistors to ±200 ppm/°C for standard types. III. Types of Mainstream Resistors A. Carbon Film Resistors Carbon film resistors are made by depositing a thin layer of carbon on a ceramic substrate. They are widely used due to their low cost and decent performance. These resistors are suitable for general-purpose applications but may have higher noise levels compared to other types. **Advantages:** Low cost, good stability. **Disadvantages:** Higher noise, limited precision. B. Metal Film Resistors Metal film resistors are constructed using a thin metal film, providing better performance and stability than carbon film resistors. They are known for their low noise and high precision, making them ideal for applications requiring accurate resistance values. **Advantages:** High precision, low noise. **Disadvantages:** Higher cost compared to carbon film resistors. C. Wirewound Resistors Wirewound resistors are made by winding a metal wire around a ceramic or fiberglass core. They can handle high power ratings and are often used in applications where heat dissipation is critical. However, they may have inductive properties that can affect high-frequency circuits. **Advantages:** High power handling, good heat dissipation. **Disadvantages:** Inductive properties, bulkier size. D. Other Types Other resistor types include ceramic resistors, which are used in high-temperature applications, and variable resistors (potentiometers), which allow for adjustable resistance. Each type has its specific applications and advantages, making it essential to choose the right one for your project. IV. Wiring Resistors in Circuits A. Series vs. Parallel Wiring Understanding how to wire resistors in series and parallel configurations is crucial for achieving the desired resistance in a circuit. 1. Series Wiring In a series configuration, resistors are connected end-to-end, and the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances. **How to Wire Resistors in Series:** 1. Connect one terminal of the first resistor to the power source. 2. Connect the second terminal of the first resistor to one terminal of the second resistor. 3. Repeat for additional resistors, connecting the last resistor to the ground. **Total Resistance Calculation:** \[ R_{total} = R_1 + R_2 + R_3 + ... + R_n \] 2. Parallel Wiring In a parallel configuration, resistors are connected across the same two points, providing multiple paths for current to flow. **How to Wire Resistors in Parallel:** 1. Connect one terminal of each resistor to the power source. 2. Connect the other terminal of each resistor to the ground. **Total Resistance Calculation:** \[ \frac{1}{R_{total}} = \frac{1}{R_1} + \frac{1}{R_2} + \frac{1}{R_3} + ... + \frac{1}{R_n} \] B. Practical Considerations When wiring resistors, consider the following practical aspects: 1. **Choosing the Right Resistor:** Ensure that the resistor's specifications match the requirements of your circuit, including resistance value, tolerance, and power rating. 2. **Proper Soldering Techniques:** Use appropriate soldering techniques to ensure reliable connections. Avoid overheating components, which can damage them. 3. **Correct Orientation and Connections:** Double-check connections to prevent short circuits or incorrect wiring, which can lead to circuit failure. V. Testing and Measuring Resistor Parameters A. Tools Required To test and measure resistor parameters, you will need the following tools: 1. **Multimeter:** A versatile tool for measuring resistance, voltage, and current. 2. **Other Testing Equipment:** An oscilloscope can be useful for analyzing circuit behavior, especially in complex applications. B. Measuring Resistance **Step-by-Step Guide:** 1. Set the multimeter to the resistance (Ω) setting. 2. Connect the probes to the resistor terminals. 3. Read the resistance value displayed on the multimeter. C. Testing Tolerance and Power Rating 1. **Methods to Test Tolerance:** Compare the measured resistance value with the nominal value and calculate the percentage difference to determine if it falls within the specified tolerance range. 2. **Ensuring Resistors Operate Within Power Ratings:** Monitor the resistor's temperature during operation. If it becomes excessively hot, it may be operating beyond its power rating, necessitating a higher-rated resistor. VI. Common Mistakes and Troubleshooting A. Identifying Common Wiring Errors Common mistakes include incorrect resistor values, poor soldering connections, and misconfigured series or parallel arrangements. Always double-check your work before powering the circuit. B. Troubleshooting Resistor-Related Issues If a circuit is not functioning as expected, check for: - Overheating resistors, which may indicate an incorrect power rating. - Incorrect resistance values, which can affect circuit performance. - Poor connections that may lead to intermittent issues. C. Tips for Avoiding Mistakes - Use a schematic diagram to guide your wiring. - Label components and connections to avoid confusion. - Test each section of the circuit as you build it to catch errors early. VII. Conclusion Understanding resistor parameters and how to wire them correctly is essential for anyone involved in electronic design. By grasping the significance of resistance values, tolerances, power ratings, and temperature coefficients, you can make informed decisions that enhance circuit performance. We encourage you to apply this knowledge in practical applications, whether you're building simple circuits or complex electronic devices. VIII. Additional Resources For further reading and exploration, consider the following resources: 1. **Recommended Books:** Look for books on electronics fundamentals and circuit design. 2. **Online Forums:** Join communities like the EEVblog forum or Reddit's r/electronics for discussions and advice. 3. **Manufacturer Websites:** Explore resistor manufacturers' sites for detailed product specifications and application notes. By leveraging these resources, you can deepen your understanding of resistors and their role in electronic circuits, paving the way for successful projects and innovations.

What are the product features of metal film resistors?

What is the mainstream resistor production process?

What is the Mainstream Resistor Production Process? I. Introduction Resistors are fundamental components in electronic circuits, playing a crucial role in controlling current flow and voltage levels. They are essential for protecting sensitive components, dividing voltages, and setting bias points in various applications. Understanding the production process of resistors is vital for engineers, designers, and hobbyists alike, as it provides insights into the quality, reliability, and performance of these components. This article aims to educate readers on the mainstream methods of resistor manufacturing, exploring the types of resistors, raw materials, production processes, and future trends in the industry. II. Types of Resistors Resistors come in various types, each designed for specific applications and performance requirements. The main categories include: A. Fixed Resistors 1. **Carbon Composition Resistors**: Made from a mixture of carbon particles and a binding resin, these resistors are known for their high energy absorption and ability to withstand high temperatures. However, they have a higher tolerance and lower stability compared to other types. 2. **Film Resistors**: These are further divided into: - **Carbon Film Resistors**: Created by depositing a thin layer of carbon on a ceramic substrate, they offer better stability and lower noise than carbon composition resistors. - **Metal Film Resistors**: These resistors use a thin layer of metal, providing superior accuracy and stability, making them ideal for precision applications. 3. **Wirewound Resistors**: Constructed by winding a metal wire around a ceramic or fiberglass core, these resistors can handle high power levels and are often used in high-frequency applications. B. Variable Resistors 1. **Potentiometers**: These resistors allow for adjustable resistance, commonly used in volume controls and tuning circuits. 2. **Rheostats**: Similar to potentiometers but designed to handle higher currents, rheostats are used for adjusting current flow in various applications. C. Specialty Resistors 1. **Thermistors**: Temperature-sensitive resistors that change resistance with temperature variations, widely used in temperature sensing and control applications. 2. **Photoresistors**: Also known as light-dependent resistors (LDRs), these components change resistance based on light exposure, commonly used in light-sensing applications. III. Raw Materials Used in Resistor Production The production of resistors involves various raw materials, each contributing to the resistor's performance and characteristics. A. Conductive Materials 1. **Carbon**: Used in carbon composition and carbon film resistors, carbon provides a stable and reliable conductive medium. 2. **Metal Oxides**: Commonly used in metal film resistors, metal oxides offer excellent thermal stability and reliability. 3. **Metal Wire**: Utilized in wirewound resistors, metal wire (often made of nickel-chromium or copper) provides high conductivity and durability. B. Insulating Materials 1. **Ceramic**: A common substrate material for film and wirewound resistors, ceramics provide excellent insulation and thermal stability. 2. **Epoxy Resins**: Used for coating and encapsulating resistors, epoxy resins protect against environmental factors and mechanical stress. C. Other Components 1. **Lead Wires**: Essential for connecting resistors to circuits, lead wires are typically made of copper or other conductive materials. 2. **Protective Coatings**: These coatings enhance durability and resistance to environmental factors, ensuring the longevity of the resistor. IV. The Resistor Manufacturing Process The manufacturing process of resistors involves several key steps, from design to quality control. A. Design and Specification The first step in resistor production is determining the resistance values and tolerances required for specific applications. Engineers select materials based on the desired performance characteristics, such as temperature coefficient, power rating, and environmental conditions. B. Material Preparation Once the design is finalized, raw materials are sourced and subjected to quality control to ensure they meet industry standards. For film resistors, materials like carbon or metal oxides are processed, which may involve grinding or mixing to achieve the desired particle size and consistency. C. Fabrication Techniques 1. **Carbon Composition Resistors**: The production begins with mixing carbon particles with a binding resin. The mixture is then molded into the desired shape and cured to harden. 2. **Film Resistors**: - **Thin-film deposition techniques** involve depositing a thin layer of conductive material onto a ceramic substrate using methods like sputtering or evaporation. - **Thick-film printing methods** utilize screen printing to apply a paste of conductive material onto the substrate, followed by a firing process to create a solid film. 3. **Wirewound Resistors**: The manufacturing process involves winding a metal wire around a core, which is then coated with an insulating material to prevent short circuits. D. Assembly After fabrication, resistors are assembled by mounting components and soldering lead wires to the resistor body. This step ensures that the resistors can be easily integrated into electronic circuits. E. Testing and Quality Control Quality control is critical in resistor manufacturing. Each resistor undergoes electrical testing to verify resistance values and tolerances. Environmental testing assesses performance under various conditions, such as temperature and humidity. Visual inspections are also conducted to identify any defects in the resistors. V. Packaging and Distribution Once manufactured and tested, resistors are packaged for distribution. A. Types of Packaging 1. **Bulk Packaging**: Resistors are often packaged in bulk for manufacturers who require large quantities. 2. **Tape and Reel**: For automated assembly processes, resistors are packaged in tape and reel formats, allowing for easy feeding into automated pick-and-place machines. B. Distribution Channels Resistors are distributed through various channels, including direct sales to manufacturers and electronic component suppliers. Online platforms have also become popular for sourcing resistors, providing easy access to a wide range of products. VI. Environmental Considerations As with any manufacturing process, environmental considerations are essential in resistor production. A. Waste Management in Resistor Production Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on waste management practices to minimize environmental impact. This includes recycling scrap materials and reducing waste generated during production. B. Sustainable Practices 1. **Recycling Materials**: Many manufacturers are adopting recycling programs to reclaim materials from defective or obsolete resistors. 2. **Reducing Energy Consumption**: Implementing energy-efficient processes and equipment helps reduce the overall carbon footprint of resistor production. VII. Future Trends in Resistor Manufacturing The resistor manufacturing industry is evolving, driven by advances in technology and materials science. A. Advances in Materials Science Research into new materials, such as nanomaterials and advanced composites, is paving the way for resistors with improved performance characteristics, such as higher stability and lower noise. B. Automation and Industry 4.0 The integration of automation and smart manufacturing technologies is streamlining production processes, enhancing efficiency, and reducing costs. Industry 4.0 principles are being adopted to create more responsive and flexible manufacturing systems. C. Customization and 3D Printing Technologies The rise of 3D printing technologies is enabling manufacturers to create customized resistors tailored to specific applications. This trend allows for rapid prototyping and reduced lead times, meeting the demands of modern electronics. VIII. Conclusion In summary, the production process of resistors is a complex and multifaceted endeavor that involves careful design, material selection, fabrication, and quality control. Understanding this process is crucial for engineers and designers, as it directly impacts the performance and reliability of electronic circuits. As technology continues to advance, the resistor manufacturing industry is poised for significant evolution, with new materials, automation, and customization shaping the future of these essential components. The ongoing development in resistor technology will undoubtedly have a lasting impact on the electronics industry, driving innovation and enhancing the capabilities of electronic devices.

PMDM

YAGEO

EMIT

TE Connectivity AMP Connectors

Wickmann / Littelfuse

Intersil (Renesas Electronics Corporation)

B&K Precision

Comair Rotron

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